{"id":898,"date":"2026-09-23T11:37:20","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T11:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/?p=898"},"modified":"2026-10-05T10:40:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T10:40:44","slug":"buluta-gecis-10-adimda-tasima-plani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/buluta-gecis-10-adimda-tasima-plani\/","title":{"rendered":"Buluta Ge\u00e7i\u015f Rehberi: 10 Ad\u0131mda Ta\u015f\u0131ma Plan\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"aiw-summary\" id=\"aiw-ozet\">\n<p class=\"aiw-summary-title\">H\u0131zl\u0131 \u00d6zet &#8211; Buluta Ge\u00e7i\u015f Plan\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f, dosya kopyalamadan \u00f6nce ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, DNS de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolunu planlamay\u0131 gerektirir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u0131ra, kesinti ve veri kayb\u0131 riskini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Envanter \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n<\/strong> \u2014 Servisleri, portlar\u0131, verileri, cron g\u00f6revlerini ve d\u0131\u015f ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 listeleyin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hedefi boyutland\u0131r\u0131n<\/strong> \u2014 CPU, RAM, disk, a\u011f ve maliyet hesab\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131m \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleriyle yap\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Veriyi prova edin<\/strong> \u2014 Dosya ve veritaban\u0131 aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretime ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce hedef ortamda do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DNS&#039;i haz\u0131rlay\u0131n<\/strong> \u2014 TTL de\u011ferlerini, yeni kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f de\u011ferlerini kesimden \u00f6nce planlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kesimi y\u00f6netin<\/strong> \u2014 De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri dondurun, son senkronizasyonu yap\u0131n ve kritik ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 test edin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f belirleyin<\/strong> \u2014 Hata e\u015fiklerini \u00f6nceden yaz\u0131n; eski ortam\u0131 do\u011frulama s\u00fcresi bitene kadar koruyun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"aiw-lead\">Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli yol, \u00f6nce mevcut sistemi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcp belgelemek, ard\u0131ndan hedef ortamda tam bir prova yapmak ve DNS de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden sonra uygulama davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamakt\u0131r. Dosyalar\u0131 kopyalamak tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir; veritaban\u0131 tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, gizli bilgiler, yedek geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k h\u00e2linde eski ortama d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f plan\u0131 da haz\u0131r olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<div class=\"aiw-toc\" style=\"border:1px solid #dbe3ea;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:0 0 28px\">\n<p class=\"aiw-toc-head\"><strong>\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/strong><span class=\"aiw-toc-meta\"> \u00b7 12 dk okuma<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:10px 0 0;padding-left:22px\">\n<li><a href=\"#buluta-gecis-nereden-baslamali\">Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f nereden ba\u015flamal\u0131?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#veri-ve-uygulama-nasil-hazirlanir\">Veri ve uygulama nas\u0131l haz\u0131rlan\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dns-ve-ag-gecisi-nasil-planlanir\">DNS ve a\u011f ge\u00e7i\u015fi nas\u0131l planlan\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#test-ortaminda-neleri-dogrulamalisiniz\">Test ortam\u0131nda neleri do\u011frulamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kesim-gunu-nasil-ilerlemeli\">Kesim g\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l ilerlemeli?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#buluta-gecis-sonrasinda-hangi-kontroller-surdurulmeli\">Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f sonras\u0131nda hangi kontroller s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmeli?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tasima-penceresinden-once-kontrol-edin\">Ta\u015f\u0131ma Penceresinden \u00d6nce Kontrol Edin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sik-sorulan-sorular\">S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"buluta-gecis-nereden-baslamali\">Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f nereden ba\u015flamal\u0131?<\/h2>\n<p>Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f, dosyalar\u0131 bir sunucudan di\u011ferine kopyalamaktan ibaret de\u011fildir. Uygulama, veritaban\u0131, DNS, g\u00fcvenlik, yedekleme, izleme ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f plan\u0131 birlikte ta\u015f\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir plan \u00f6nce envanterle ba\u015flar; ard\u0131ndan test ortam\u0131nda prova, sonunda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir bir kesim ve do\u011frulama yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Mevcut sistemi envanterleyin<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130lk ad\u0131m, hangi bile\u015fenlerin ger\u00e7ekten ta\u015f\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hangilerinin emekliye ayr\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 h\u00e2le getirmektir. Sunucu listesi, i\u015fletim sistemi s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri, CPU ve RAM kullan\u0131m\u0131, disk kapasitesi, a\u00e7\u0131k portlar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan servisler, cron g\u00f6revleri, DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f servis ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ayn\u0131 tabloda bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Linux sunucuda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u015fu komutlar yeterli bir foto\u011fraf sunar:<\/p>\n<pre><code>hostnamectl\nlsblk\nfree -h\nss -tulpn\nsystemctl list-units --type=service --state=running\ncrontab -l<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>ss -tulpn<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131ndaki her dinleme portunu bir uygulama veya y\u00f6netim ihtiyac\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015ftirin. Kullan\u0131lmayan bir portu yeni ortama ta\u015f\u0131mak, eski d\u00fczensizli\u011fi buluta kopyalamakt\u0131r. Nginx kullanan sitelerde <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/ubuntu-nginx-kurulumu-ilk-yapilandirma\/\">Ubuntu&#8217;da Nginx Kurulumu ve \u0130lk Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki temel sanal host ve servis kontrolleri de envantere yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<p>Veri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 da burada yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Veritaban\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fcklemeleri, oturum dosyalar\u0131, gizli anahtarlar ve loglar ayn\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6ntemiyle ele al\u0131nmaz. Her biri i\u00e7in boyut, de\u011fi\u015fim s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, eri\u015fim yetkisi ve kabul edilebilir veri kayb\u0131 s\u00fcresi yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Envanteri tamamlay\u0131n<\/strong> &#8211; Her servis, port, veri dizini, DNS kayd\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in bir sahip ve do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemi belirleyin.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Hedef mimariyi ve sorumluluklar\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/h3>\n<p>Bulut sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131nda sanal makine, y\u00f6netilen veritaban\u0131, nesne depolama veya konteyner platformu aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yaparken yaln\u0131zca ayl\u0131k fiyat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131n. Y\u00f6netim y\u00fck\u00fc, yedekleme modeli, a\u011f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u00fccretleri, b\u00f6lge se\u00e7imi, eri\u015fim kontrol\u00fc ve sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131ya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k da hesaba kat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Se\u00e7enek<\/th>\n<th>Y\u00f6netim y\u00fck\u00fc<\/th>\n<th>Uygun oldu\u011fu durum<\/th>\n<th>Dikkat edilecek nokta<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Sanal makine<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<td>\u0130\u015fletim sistemi ve servisler \u00fczerinde tam kontrol gerekti\u011finde<\/td>\n<td>Yama, disk, izleme ve yedekleme sorumlulu\u011fu sizdedir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u00f6netilen veritaban\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Orta<\/td>\n<td>Veritaban\u0131 operasyonunu azaltmak istedi\u011finizde<\/td>\n<td>S\u00fcr\u00fcm, eklenti ve d\u0131\u015fa aktarma s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Konteyner platformu<\/td>\n<td>De\u011fi\u015fken<\/td>\n<td>Tekrarlanabilir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve yatay \u00f6l\u00e7ek gerekti\u011finde<\/td>\n<td>Kal\u0131c\u0131 disk, a\u011f ve log mimarisi ayr\u0131ca tasarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Payla\u015f\u0131lan sorumluluk modelinde sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 fiziksel altyap\u0131y\u0131 korur; i\u015fletim sistemi, uygulama, kimlik bilgileri ve veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fi se\u00e7ilen hizmete g\u00f6re m\u00fc\u015fteride kalabilir. Y\u00f6netilen hizmet kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, yedekleme sorumlulu\u011funu otomatik olarak ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Kaynak ve maliyet hesab\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131mla yap\u0131n<\/h3>\n<p>Yeni sanal makinenin boyutunu eski sunucunun etiketine bakarak se\u00e7meyin. En az 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck CPU, bellek, disk dolulu\u011fu, disk gecikmesi, a\u011f trafi\u011fi ve istek say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc al\u0131n. Trafi\u011fin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ve haftal\u0131k zirveleri ayr\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin 4 vCPU&#8217;lu eski bir sistemin g\u00fcn boyunca ortalama y\u00fczde 12 CPU kullanmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 kapasitenin her zaman gerekli oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli y\u00fczde 95 zirveler ise tek i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131kl\u0131 bir uygulamada daha b\u00fcy\u00fck vCPU yerine daha y\u00fcksek tek \u00e7ekirdek performans\u0131 gerektirebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Maliyet tablosuna \u015fu kalemleri ekleyin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sanal makine veya konteyner \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi<\/li>\n<li>Kal\u0131c\u0131 disk ve anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kapasitesi<\/li>\n<li>Yedekleme depolamas\u0131 ve geri y\u00fckleme trafi\u011fi<\/li>\n<li>\u0130nternete ve ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelere giden veri<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00f6netilen veritaban\u0131, izleme ve log saklama \u00fccretleri<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00f6netim i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f IP, NAT veya y\u00fck dengeleyici giderleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ay sonunda gelen faturay\u0131 beklemek yerine b\u00fct\u00e7e alarm\u0131 kurun. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir test ortam\u0131nda kaynaklar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmadan b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, ger\u00e7ek ta\u015f\u0131ma maliyetini yanl\u0131\u015f tahmin ettirir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri toplay\u0131n<\/strong> &#8211; Boyutland\u0131rmay\u0131 en az 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131m verisi, b\u00fcy\u00fcme pay\u0131 ve ayl\u0131k maliyet s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"veri-ve-uygulama-nasil-hazirlanir\">Veri ve uygulama nas\u0131l haz\u0131rlan\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<h3>4. Uygulamay\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nabilir h\u00e2le getirin<\/h3>\n<p>Ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00f6ncesinde uygulamay\u0131 belirli bir sunucunun IP adresine, yerel disk yoluna veya elle d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n. Ortam de\u011fi\u015fkenleri, gizli bilgiler, dosya yollar\u0131 ve servis u\u00e7 noktalar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma katman\u0131nda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Web uygulamalar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle \u015fu alanlar\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Uygulaman\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 PHP, Node.js, Python veya Java s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc<\/li>\n<li>PHP eklentileri ve i\u015fletim sistemi paketleri<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcklenen dosyalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu dizinler<\/li>\n<li>Oturumlar\u0131n yerel diskte mi, veritaban\u0131nda m\u0131 tutuldu\u011fu<\/li>\n<li>SMTP, \u00f6deme, harita, CDN ve webhook adresleri<\/li>\n<li>Arka planda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan queue worker ve cron g\u00f6revleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>WordPress ta\u015f\u0131nacaksa <code>wp-config.php<\/code> i\u00e7indeki veritaban\u0131 bilgileri, dosya izinleri, medya dizini ve kal\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar ayr\u0131ca test edilmelidir. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/vpste-wordpress-kurulumu-adim-adim\/\">VPS&#8217;te WordPress Kurulumu: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Rehber<\/a>, temiz bir hedef ortam olu\u015ftururken temel servis s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131madan sonra bozulursa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/wordpress-veritabani-baglanti-hatasi-nasil-cozulur\/\">WordPress Veritaban\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131 Hatas\u0131 Nas\u0131l \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131, kimlik do\u011frulama ve servis kontrolleri yol g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p>Gizli anahtarlar\u0131 Git deposuna koymay\u0131n. Ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici bir dosyaya yaz\u0131ld\u0131ysa i\u015flem bitince silin, eri\u015fim izinlerini 600 ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131n ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse anahtarlar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Veri ta\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6ntemini se\u00e7in<\/h3>\n<p>Statik dosyalarda <code>rsync<\/code>, veritabanlar\u0131nda uygulamaya uygun d\u0131\u015fa aktarma veya replikasyon y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131labilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir MySQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan web sunucusundan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak ta\u015f\u0131mak, \u00fcretim trafi\u011fiyle ayn\u0131 disk ve CPU kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in dikkatle zamanlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre><code>rsync -aHAX --numeric-ids --info=progress2 \\\n  \/srv\/www\/ hedef-sunucu:\/srv\/www\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>-a<\/code> dosya \u00f6zniteliklerini ve dizin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 korur; <code>-HAX<\/code> sabit ba\u011flar\u0131, ACL ve extended attribute bilgilerini de ta\u015f\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Hedef dosya sisteminin bu \u00f6zellikleri destekledi\u011fini do\u011frulay\u0131n. \u0130lk kopyadan sonra yaln\u0131zca de\u011fi\u015fen dosyalar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ikinci bir rsync \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak kesim s\u00fcresini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>MySQL i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek bir mant\u0131ksal aktar\u0131m:<\/p>\n<pre><code>mysqldump --single-transaction --routines --triggers \\\n  --databases uygulama_db | gzip &gt; uygulama_db.sql.gz\nsha256sum uygulama_db.sql.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>--single-transaction<\/code>, InnoDB tablolar\u0131nda tabloyu uzun s\u00fcre kilitlemeden tutarl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc almay\u0131 sa\u011flar; tablo motorlar\u0131 ve yazma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 yine kontrol edilmelidir. Karma bir tabloda yaln\u0131zca bu se\u00e7ene\u011fe g\u00fcvenmeyin. \u00dcretilen SHA-256 \u00f6zeti, dosyan\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fip de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n<p>Dosya kopyalamak yedek almakla ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. Eski ortam\u0131 hemen silmeyin; geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f karar\u0131 verilene kadar eri\u015filebilir ve de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden korunmu\u015f bir kopya b\u0131rak\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prova yap\u0131n<\/strong> &#8211; Veriyi en az bir kez hedef ortama ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131n, dosya say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, boyutlar\u0131, checksum de\u011ferlerini ve veritaban\u0131 kay\u0131t say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n<div class=\"aiw-callout aiw-callout-tip\">\n<p class=\"aiw-callout-label\">\u0130pucu<\/p>\n<p>Ta\u015f\u0131ma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce 15 dakikal\u0131k bir sa\u011fl\u0131k kontrol\u00fc komutu haz\u0131rlay\u0131n. HTTP kodu, veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, disk dolulu\u011fu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan worker say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131da toplamak, kesim sonras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"dns-ve-ag-gecisi-nasil-planlanir\">DNS ve a\u011f ge\u00e7i\u015fi nas\u0131l planlan\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<h3>6. A\u011f topolojisini ve g\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kurun<\/h3>\n<p>Hedef ortamda y\u00f6netim, uygulama, veritaban\u0131 ve yedekleme trafi\u011fini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca ay\u0131r\u0131n. Veritaban\u0131 portunu internete a\u00e7mak yerine yaln\u0131zca uygulama katman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel a\u011f adreslerinden eri\u015fmesine izin verin. SSH i\u00e7in TCP 22 kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa kaynak IP&#8217;leri s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131n; port numaras\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek tek ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00fcvenlik politikas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>CIDR hesab\u0131nda yap\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hata geni\u015f bir a\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7abilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/cidr-nedir-ip-araligi-hesaplama-rehberi\/\">CIDR Nedir? IP Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hesaplama Rehberi<\/a>, <code>\/32<\/code> ile tek bir IPv4 adresini, <code>\/24<\/code> ile 256 adreslik bir aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131rken gereken temel hesab\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcvenlik grubu veya firewall kurallar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nce varsay\u0131lan reddetme yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla olu\u015fturun. Uygulama sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken HTTP 80 ve HTTPS 443 portlar\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6netim eri\u015fimini ve izleme ajan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tek tek belgeleyin. Bulut kontrol panelindeki kural ile i\u015fletim sistemi i\u00e7indeki <code>nftables<\/code> veya <code>ufw<\/code> kurallar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test edin.<\/p>\n<h3>7. DNS TTL de\u011ferini ve kesim saatini y\u00f6netin<\/h3>\n<p>Ta\u015f\u0131madan 24-48 saat \u00f6nce ilgili DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n TTL de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, resolver \u00f6nbelleklerindeki eski adreslerin daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcre tutulmas\u0131na yard\u0131m eder. Bu i\u015flem an\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f garantisi vermez; baz\u0131 istemciler, uygulama i\u00e7i DNS \u00f6nbellekleri veya sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131 farkl\u0131 s\u00fcreler uygulayabilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nce hedef IP&#8217;yi do\u011frudan test edin. Ard\u0131ndan DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>dig +short eski-alanadi.example A\ndig +short yeni-alanadi.example A\ncurl --resolve site.example:443:YENI_IP https:\/\/site.example\/ -I<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>curl --resolve<\/code>, DNS&#8217;i de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden belirli bir IP \u00fczerinden HTTP iste\u011fi g\u00f6ndermenizi sa\u011flar. TLS sertifikas\u0131n\u0131n alan ad\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015fti\u011fini ve uygulaman\u0131n do\u011fru sanal host&#8217;u se\u00e7ti\u011fini bu testte g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>DNS de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden \u00f6nce de\u011fi\u015ftirilecek kay\u0131tlar\u0131n listesini, eski ve yeni de\u011ferlerini, de\u011fi\u015fiklik saatini ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f de\u011ferini yaz\u0131n. Alan ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda 301 y\u00f6nlendirmeleri de kontrol edilmelidir; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/301-yonlendirme-nedir-seo-kullanim-rehberi\/\">301 Y\u00f6nlendirme Nedir? SEO \u0130\u00e7in Kullan\u0131m Rehberi<\/a> bu kontrol\u00fcn HTTP katman\u0131ndaki etkisini a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DNS plan\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 h\u00e2le getirin<\/strong> &#8211; Her kayd\u0131n eski de\u011feri, yeni de\u011feri, TTL&#8217;si, de\u011fi\u015fiklik sorumlusu ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f de\u011feri haz\u0131r olmadan kesime ge\u00e7meyin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"aiw-callout aiw-callout-warn\">\n<p class=\"aiw-callout-label\">Dikkat<\/p>\n<p>DNS TTL de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ge\u00e7i\u015fi an\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmaz. Resolver \u00f6nbellekleri ve uygulama i\u00e7i DNS cache&#039;leri eski IP&#039;yi beklenenden uzun s\u00fcre kullanabilir; eski sunucuyu bu nedenle hemen kapatmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"test-ortaminda-neleri-dogrulamalisiniz\">Test ortam\u0131nda neleri do\u011frulamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/h2>\n<h3>8. Fonksiyon, performans ve g\u00fcvenlik testlerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/h3>\n<p>Test ortam\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ana sayfan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermemelidir. Giri\u015f, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f, parola s\u0131f\u0131rlama, dosya y\u00fckleme, \u00f6deme veya webhook ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131, arka plan g\u00f6revleri ve y\u00f6netim ekranlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131m senaryolar\u0131yla denenmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Veritaban\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131nda kay\u0131t say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve kritik \u00f6rnekleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Dosya ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131nda eksik medya, bozuk sembolik ba\u011f ve yanl\u0131\u015f sahiplik aray\u0131n. Linux&#8217;ta \u015fu kontroller ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n<pre><code>find \/srv\/www -type f | wc -l\nfind \/srv\/www -type l -ls\nstat -c '%U:%G %a %n' \/srv\/www\/site\/.env\ncurl -fsS https:\/\/test.site.example\/health<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Son komut HTTP hata kodunda veya ba\u011flant\u0131 probleminde s\u0131f\u0131r olmayan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kodu \u00fcretir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k u\u00e7 noktas\u0131 veritaban\u0131 gibi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten kontrol etmiyorsa yaln\u0131zca web sunucusunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlar.<\/p>\n<p>Performans \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde yaln\u0131zca TTFB de\u011ferini kovalamay\u0131n. Uygulama sorgular\u0131, disk gecikmesi, PHP worker say\u0131s\u0131, cache isabet oran\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f API yan\u0131tlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Cache kurulmadan milisaniye tart\u0131\u015fmak, yak\u0131t g\u00f6stergesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan bir ara\u00e7ta lastik bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fmaya benzer.<\/p>\n<p>Yedekten geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f provas\u0131 da testin par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Yedek ar\u015fivinin var olmas\u0131 yeterli de\u011fildir; yeni ortamda geri y\u00fcklenebildi\u011fi, uygulaman\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kritik verilerin okunabildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kesim-gunu-nasil-ilerlemeli\">Kesim g\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l ilerlemeli?<\/h2>\n<h3>9. De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri dondurun ve son senkronizasyonu yap\u0131n<\/h3>\n<p>Kesimden \u00f6nce bir bak\u0131m penceresi belirleyin. Uygulama da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, veritaban\u0131 \u015femas\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u00e7erik de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini bu pencere boyunca durdurun. Kullan\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6sterilecek bak\u0131m mesaj\u0131, beklenen s\u00fcre ve destek kanal\u0131 \u00f6nceden haz\u0131r olsun.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk veri kopyas\u0131ndan sonra son bir <code>rsync<\/code> ve veritaban\u0131 aktar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131n. Veritaban\u0131 yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 durdurmadan al\u0131nan son kopya, kabul edilebilir veri kayb\u0131 s\u00fcresiyle uyumlu de\u011filse uygulamay\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli bak\u0131m moduna al\u0131n veya replikasyon kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Kesim s\u0131ras\u0131 genellikle \u015f\u00f6yle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Bak\u0131m modunu etkinle\u015ftirin ve yeni yazmalar\u0131 durdurun.<\/li>\n<li>Son dosya ve veritaban\u0131 senkronizasyonunu tamamlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Hedef ortamda servisleri ve worker s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ba\u015flat\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Uygulamay\u0131 <code>curl --resolve<\/code> ve ger\u00e7ek alan ad\u0131yla test edin.<\/li>\n<li>DNS A, AAAA, CNAME ve gerekli MX kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelleyin.<\/li>\n<li>Loglar\u0131, hata oran\u0131n\u0131, trafik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015f kuyruklar\u0131n\u0131 izleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Eski sunucuda cron g\u00f6revlerini kapatmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Aksi h\u00e2lde iki ortam ayn\u0131 e-postay\u0131 g\u00f6nderebilir, iki kez fatura kesebilir veya ayn\u0131 kuyru\u011fu paralel t\u00fcketebilir.<\/p>\n<h3>10. Do\u011frulama ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f e\u015fi\u011fini belirleyin<\/h3>\n<p>Kesimden sonra yaln\u0131zca sitenin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na bakmay\u0131n. HTTP 5xx oran\u0131, oturum a\u00e7ma ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, \u00f6deme veya webhook sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, kuyruk uzunlu\u011fu, veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131, disk kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f servis hatalar\u0131 izlenmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f karar\u0131 \u00f6nceden say\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 15 dakika boyunca y\u00fczde 5&#8217;in \u00fczerinde 5xx oran\u0131, kritik \u00f6deme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 veya veritaban\u0131 yazma hatalar\u0131n\u0131n tekrarlanmas\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f tetikleyicisi olabilir. Bu e\u015fikler her uygulaman\u0131n normal trafi\u011fine g\u00f6re belirlenir; rastgele bir say\u0131 se\u00e7mek izleme yapmaktan daha iyi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Kontrol<\/th>\n<th>Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kabul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc<\/th>\n<th>Sorun h\u00e2linde ilk i\u015flem<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>DNS<\/td>\n<td>Beklenen IP \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve TTL davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 izleniyor<\/td>\n<td>Yetkili DNS yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ve resolver farklar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Uygulama<\/td>\n<td>Kritik kullan\u0131c\u0131 ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tamamlan\u0131yor<\/td>\n<td>Uygulama, proxy ve PHP\/worker loglar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rarak inceleyin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Veritaban\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Okuma-yazma i\u015flemleri ve ba\u011flant\u0131 havuzu sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Kimlik bilgisi, a\u011f kural\u0131 ve ba\u011flant\u0131 limitlerini kontrol edin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yedek<\/td>\n<td>Yeni ortamdan geri y\u00fckleme provas\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor<\/td>\n<td>Ar\u015fiv b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve hedef disk kapasitesini do\u011frulay\u0131n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Eski ortam\u0131 hemen silmeyin. DNS \u00f6nbellekleri, unutulmu\u015f webhook&#8217;lar veya ge\u00e7 fark edilen veri tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015f bir bekleme s\u00fcresi b\u0131rak\u0131n. S\u00fcre doldu\u011funda eri\u015fim anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 iptal edin, eski IP&#8217;leri firewall&#8217;da kapat\u0131n ve hassas diskleri g\u00fcvenli bi\u00e7imde imha edin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f e\u015fi\u011fini uygulay\u0131n<\/strong> &#8211; Kesim ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir hata s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131, karar vericiyi ve eski ortama d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 onaylay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<div class=\"aiw-callout aiw-callout-example\">\n<p class=\"aiw-callout-label\">\u00d6rnek<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin 200 GB&#039;l\u0131k bir medya dizini ve s\u00fcrekli yaz\u0131lan bir MySQL veritaban\u0131 birlikte ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yorsa, medya i\u00e7in \u00f6n kopya ve son rsync; veritaban\u0131 i\u00e7in bak\u0131m penceresi veya replikasyon planlanabilir. Her iki veri k\u00fcmesini tek seferde ta\u015f\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak kesinti s\u00fcresini gereksiz bi\u00e7imde b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"buluta-gecis-sonrasinda-hangi-kontroller-surdurulmeli\">Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f sonras\u0131nda hangi kontroller s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmeli?<\/h2>\n<p>Ta\u015f\u0131ma tamamland\u0131ktan sonra i\u015f bitmez. \u0130lk 24 saat yo\u011fun izleme, ilk hafta maliyet ve performans incelemesi, ilk ay ise mimari de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130zleme alarmlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca CPU&#8217;ya ba\u011flanmamal\u0131; disk dolulu\u011fu, inode kullan\u0131m\u0131, sertifika s\u00fcresi, yedekleme sonucu, HTTP 5xx oran\u0131 ve veritaban\u0131 replikasyon gecikmesi de takip edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>IAM taraf\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici ta\u015f\u0131ma hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131n, kullan\u0131lmayan g\u00fcvenlik grubu kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131n ve y\u00f6netici eri\u015fimini \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulamayla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131n. Loglarda ki\u015fisel veya gizli veriler bulunuyorsa saklama s\u00fcresini ve eri\u015fim yetkilerini ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk fatura geldi\u011finde yaln\u0131zca toplam tutar\u0131 de\u011fil, veri \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, disk anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri, bo\u015fta kalan IP&#8217;ler ve s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan test kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin. Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015fin teknik olarak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, mimarinin gere\u011finden pahal\u0131 veya y\u00f6netilmesi zor olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n<p>Ta\u015f\u0131ma dok\u00fcmantasyonunu g\u00fcncelleyin: yeni IP adresleri, DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131, servis sahipleri, geri y\u00fckleme komutlar\u0131, alarm e\u015fikleri ve acil durum ileti\u015fim bilgileri tek bir yerde bulunsun. Dok\u00fcman\u0131n son test tarihi de yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; alt\u0131 ay \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir prosed\u00fcr bug\u00fcn g\u00fcvenilir say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n<div class=\"aiw-callout aiw-callout-field\">\n<p class=\"aiw-callout-label\">Sahadan not<\/p>\n<p>Bir ta\u015f\u0131ma sonras\u0131nda baz\u0131 istemcilerin h\u00e2l\u00e2 eski sunucuya gitti\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. dig +short alanadi.example A ve dig +short alanadi.example AAAA \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131nda A kayd\u0131 yeni IP&#039;yi, AAAA kayd\u0131 ise eski sunucuyu g\u00f6steriyordu; AAAA kayd\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczelttikten sonra iki protokol\u00fc curl ve farkl\u0131 a\u011flardan yeniden do\u011frulad\u0131m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"tasima-penceresinden-once-kontrol-edin\">Ta\u015f\u0131ma Penceresinden \u00d6nce Kontrol Edin<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"aiw-checklist\">\n<li>Mevcut sunucu, servis, port, cron ve d\u0131\u015f ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k envanterini tamamlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Hedef kaynaklar\u0131, a\u011f segmentlerini, firewall kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ve ayl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7e s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 onaylay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Dosya ve veritaban\u0131 aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 test ortam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck kontrollerini tamamlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Gizli anahtarlar\u0131, servis hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 ve ge\u00e7ici eri\u015fimleri g\u00fcvenli bi\u00e7imde y\u00f6netin.<\/li>\n<li>DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n eski ve yeni de\u011ferlerini, TTL s\u00fcrelerini ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f plan\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Kesim s\u0131ras\u0131nda bak\u0131m modunu, son senkronizasyonu ve do\u011frulama ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Hata e\u015fiklerini izleyin, eski ortam\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcresi boyunca koruyun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"aiw-cta\">\n<p>Ta\u015f\u0131ma plan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kesim saatinden \u00f6nce bir prova ortam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n ve her ad\u0131m\u0131n beklenen \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dok\u00fcmana ekleyin. Mevcut envanteri bu 10 ad\u0131ml\u0131 s\u0131raya g\u00f6re k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kontrol tablosuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p class=\"aiw-cta-action\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/tr\/vps\">VPS paketlerini inceleyin<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f plan\u0131 yaparken yaln\u0131zca sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131ma ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcz i\u00e7in hangi altyap\u0131n\u0131n daha uygun oldu\u011funu da de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. Bu noktada [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/nedir-bare-metal-sunucu-ile-vps-arasindaki-teknik-farklar\/\">Bare Metal Sunucu ile VPS Aras\u0131ndaki Teknik Farklar<\/a>] rehberim, performans, izolasyon, \u00f6l\u00e7ekleme ve bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fru se\u00e7imi yapman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f plan\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra maliyetleri kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmak i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/finops-nedir-bulut-maliyetlerini-yonetme-rehberi\/\">FinOps nedir<\/a> ve nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r sorular\u0131na da yan\u0131t vermek gerekir. Ben, ekiplerin harcamalar\u0131 d\u00fczenli izlemesi ve kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f de\u011feriyle birlikte de\u011ferlendirmesi i\u00e7in bu rehberdeki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6zellikle faydal\u0131 buluyorum.<\/p>\n<p>Bulut sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 se\u00e7erken yaln\u0131zca fiyat ve teknik \u00f6zelliklere de\u011fil, g\u00fcvenlik kontrollerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fine de bak\u0131yorum. Bu noktada, hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik ve uyum s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini anlamak i\u00e7in [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/soc-2-nedir-guvenlik-ve-uyum-rehberi\/\">SOC 2 Nedir? G\u00fcvenlik ve Uyum Rehberi<\/a>] yaz\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Sunucu ta\u015f\u0131ma plan\u0131na ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n i\u015flemci mimarisiyle uyumunu da kontrol etmenizi \u00f6neririm. Karar verirken yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/arm-ve-x86-vps-farki-hangisini-secmelisiniz\/\">ARM ve x86 VPS Fark\u0131: Hangisini Se\u00e7melisiniz?<\/a>] rehberime g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sik-sorulan-sorular\">S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<div class=\"aiw-faq\">\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\" open>\n<summary>Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f ne kadar s\u00fcrer?<\/summary>\n<p>S\u00fcre; veri miktar\u0131, uygulaman\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, kabul edilebilir kesinti ve se\u00e7ilen ta\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir web sitesi birka\u00e7 saat i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131nabilirken, s\u00fcrekli yaz\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir veritaban\u0131 i\u00e7in haftalar s\u00fcren haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve prova gerekebilir. Takvim, kopyalama s\u00fcresinden \u00e7ok test, do\u011frulama ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\">\n<summary>Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda veri kayb\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6nlenir?<\/summary>\n<p>\u00d6nce geri y\u00fcklenebilir bir yedek al\u0131n, ard\u0131ndan hedef ortama prova aktar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131n. Kesim \u00f6ncesinde yazmalar\u0131 durdurup son senkronizasyonu tamamlay\u0131n veya veritaban\u0131 replikasyonu kullan\u0131n. Kaynak ve hedefte kay\u0131t say\u0131lar\u0131, dosya boyutlar\u0131 ve kritik \u00f6rnekler kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yedek geri y\u00fcklenmeden ta\u015f\u0131ma ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kabul edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\">\n<summary>DNS de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ne zaman yap\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/summary>\n<p>DNS TTL de\u011feri genellikle kesimden 24-48 saat \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr; ancak bu, t\u00fcm istemcilerin hemen yeni IP&#039;ye ge\u00e7ece\u011fini garanti etmez. Hedef sunucu DNS de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden \u00f6nce do\u011frudan IP ile test edilmelidir. A ve AAAA kay\u0131tlar\u0131 birlikte kontrol edilmelidir. De\u011fi\u015fiklik sonras\u0131nda eski ortam, \u00f6nbellekler ve beklenmeyen istemci trafi\u011fi i\u00e7in belirlenen s\u00fcre boyunca \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\">\n<summary>Sunucu ta\u015f\u0131madan \u00f6nce hangi yedek al\u0131nmal\u0131?<\/summary>\n<p>Uygulama dosyalar\u0131, veritabanlar\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fcklemeleri, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma belgeleri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yedeklenmelidir. Yedek ar\u015fivinin checksum de\u011feri al\u0131nmal\u0131, ba\u015fka bir konumda saklanmal\u0131 ve yeni ortamda geri y\u00fcklenmelidir. Sadece panelde yedek dosyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaz.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\">\n<summary>Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015fte sanal makine mi, y\u00f6netilen servis mi se\u00e7ilmeli?<\/summary>\n<p>Sanal makine i\u015fletim sistemi, a\u011f ve servisler \u00fczerinde daha fazla kontrol sa\u011flar; kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yama, izleme ve yedekleme y\u00fck\u00fc artar. Y\u00f6netilen veritaban\u0131 gibi servisler operasyonu azaltabilir fakat s\u00fcr\u00fcm, eklenti, ba\u011flant\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015fa aktarma s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 getirir. Karar, teknik kontrol ihtiyac\u0131 ile ekip kapasitesi ve toplam maliyet birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek verilmelidir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\">\n<summary>Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f sonras\u0131nda eski sunucu ne zaman kapat\u0131l\u0131r?<\/summary>\n<p>Eski sunucu; DNS ge\u00e7i\u015fi, kritik kullan\u0131c\u0131 ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131, arka plan g\u00f6revleri, e-posta ve webhook kontrolleri tamamlanmadan kapat\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Belirlenen g\u00f6zlem s\u00fcresi boyunca hata oran\u0131 ve beklenmeyen trafik izlenir. S\u00fcre sonunda son yedek al\u0131n\u0131r, ge\u00e7ici eri\u015fimler iptal edilir ve eski sistemin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"aiw-sources\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Docker Docs &#8211; Container Images and Packages<\/a> \u2014 docs.docker.com<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/refman\/8.0\/en\/mysqldump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual &#8211; mysqldump<\/a> \u2014 dev.mysql.com<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc1035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IETF RFC 1035 &#8211; Domain Names<\/a> \u2014 datatracker.ietf.org<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Buluta ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in envanterden geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f plan\u0131na kadar 10 ad\u0131ml\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir ve kontroll\u00fc bir ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00fcreci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[253],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bulut-bilisim"],"lang":"tr","translations":{"tr":898,"en":899},"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=898"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/898\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1059,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/898\/revisions\/1059"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}