{"id":828,"date":"2026-09-19T14:45:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T14:45:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/?p=828"},"modified":"2026-09-19T09:21:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T09:21:03","slug":"cidr-nedir-ip-araligi-hesaplama-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/cidr-nedir-ip-araligi-hesaplama-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"CIDR Nedir? IP Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hesaplama Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"aiw-summary\" id=\"aiw-ozet\">\n<p class=\"aiw-summary-title\">H\u0131zl\u0131 \u00d6zet &#8211; CIDR ve IP Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>CIDR, IP adresini a\u011f ve host b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine ay\u0131ran, e\u011fik \u00e7izgiyle yaz\u0131lan \u00f6nek g\u00f6sterimidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \/24 toplam 256 IPv4 adresi, klasik kullan\u0131mda 254 atanabilir host adresi belirtir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00d6nek anlam\u0131<\/strong> \u2014 \/26 ifadesi, IPv4 adresinin ilk 26 bitinin a\u011f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ait oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adres hesab\u0131<\/strong> \u2014 Toplam IPv4 adresi 2^(32-\u00f6nek) form\u00fcl\u00fcyle bulunur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kullan\u0131labilir aral\u0131k<\/strong> \u2014 Klasik IPv4 alt a\u011flar\u0131nda a\u011f ve yay\u0131n adresleri host atamas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d6rnek \/24<\/strong> \u2014 192.168.1.0\/24 blo\u011fu 192.168.1.0 ile 192.168.1.255 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d6rnek \/26<\/strong> \u2014 192.168.10.77\/26 adresinin a\u011f adresi .64, yay\u0131n adresi .127 ve host aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 .65-.126&#039;d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>IPv6 fark\u0131<\/strong> \u2014 IPv6 da ayn\u0131 CIDR mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r, ancak broadcast adresi yoktur ve \/64 yayg\u0131n bir alt a\u011f \u00f6nekidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"aiw-lead\">CIDR, bir IP blo\u011funun nerede ba\u015flay\u0131p bitti\u011fini g\u00f6steren \u00f6nek notasyonudur. IPv4&#039;te \/24 toplam 256, \/26 toplam 64 adres i\u00e7erir; klasik kullan\u0131mda a\u011f ve yay\u0131n adresleri ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in atanabilir host say\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla 254 ve 62 olur. IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6nek uzunlu\u011fu ve adres bitleriyle hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<div class=\"aiw-toc\" style=\"border:1px solid #dbe3ea;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:0 0 28px\">\n<p class=\"aiw-toc-head\"><strong>\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/strong><span class=\"aiw-toc-meta\"> \u00b7 12 dk okuma<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:10px 0 0;padding-left:22px\">\n<li><a href=\"#cidr-nedir-ve-ip-araligi-nasil-gosterilir\">CIDR nedir ve IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00f6sterilir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#24-26-ve-30-kac-ip-adresi-icerir\">\/24, \/26 ve \/30 ka\u00e7 IP adresi i\u00e7erir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cidr-ip-araligi-nasil-hesaplanir\">CIDR IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cidr-ile-subnet-maskesi-arasindaki-fark-nedir\">CIDR ile subnet maskesi aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#linuxta-cidr-araligi-nasil-kontrol-edilir\">Linux&#039;ta CIDR aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l kontrol edilir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ipv6-adreslerinde-cidr-nasil-calisir\">IPv6 adreslerinde CIDR nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cidr-guvenlik-duvari-ve-yonlendirmede-nasil-kullanilir\">CIDR g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ve y\u00f6nlendirmede nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#vlsm-ve-cidr-ile-ag-plani-nasil-yapilir\">VLSM ve CIDR ile a\u011f plan\u0131 nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cidr-hesaplamasinda-sik-yapilan-hatalar\">CIDR hesaplamas\u0131nda s\u0131k yap\u0131lan hatalar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ornek-bir-cidr-kontrol-akisi\">\u00d6rnek bir CIDR kontrol ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cidr-kuralini-uygulamadan-once-kontrol-edin\">CIDR Kural\u0131n\u0131 Uygulamadan \u00d6nce Kontrol Edin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sik-sorulan-sorular\">S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"cidr-nedir-ve-ip-araligi-nasil-gosterilir\">CIDR nedir ve IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00f6sterilir?<\/h2>\n<p>Bir IP adresinin yan\u0131nda <code>\/24<\/code> g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde, bu yaln\u0131zca k\u0131sa bir yaz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi de\u011fildir; adresin hangi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u011f, hangi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn host taraf\u0131 oldu\u011funu da anlat\u0131r. CIDR, IP adreslerini sabit s\u0131n\u0131flara ay\u0131rmak yerine a\u011f \u00f6nek uzunlu\u011fuyla ifade eder. <code>192.168.1.0\/24<\/code> ifadesindeki <code>\/24<\/code>, ilk 24 bitin a\u011f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ait oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Kalan 8 bit toplam 256 IPv4 adresi \u00fcretir; klasik kullan\u0131mda 254 adres cihaza atanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>CIDR a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 <em>Classless Inter-Domain Routing<\/em> \u015feklindedir. RFC 4632, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n IPv4 adres alan\u0131n\u0131 daha esnek da\u011f\u0131tmak ve y\u00f6nlendirme tablolar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. <code>\/24<\/code>, <code>\/25<\/code> veya <code>\/28<\/code> gibi \u00f6nekler, eski A, B ve C s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan a\u011f b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir CIDR blo\u011fu d\u00f6rt temel bilgi verir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A\u011f adresi:<\/strong> Blo\u011fun ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 adresidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d6nek uzunlu\u011fu:<\/strong> E\u011fik \u00e7izgiden sonraki say\u0131d\u0131r; \u00f6rne\u011fin <code>\/26<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Toplam adres:<\/strong> IPv4 i\u00e7in <code>2^(32-\u00f6nek)<\/code> hesab\u0131yla bulunur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kullan\u0131labilir adres:<\/strong> Klasik alt a\u011flarda a\u011f ve yay\u0131n adresleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kalan aral\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>A\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mlay\u0131n<\/strong> &#8211; IP adresini ve \u00f6nek uzunlu\u011funu birlikte yaz\u0131n. Yaln\u0131zca IP adresine bakarak aral\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"24-26-ve-30-kac-ip-adresi-icerir\">\/24, \/26 ve \/30 ka\u00e7 IP adresi i\u00e7erir?<\/h2>\n<p>IPv4 adresi 32 bitten olu\u015fur. \u00d6nek uzunlu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e a\u011f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc geni\u015fler, host b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Form\u00fcl basittir: toplam adres say\u0131s\u0131 <code>2^(32-n)<\/code>; burada <code>n<\/code>, CIDR \u00f6nekidir.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>CIDR<\/th>\n<th>Alt a\u011f maskesi<\/th>\n<th>Toplam adres<\/th>\n<th>Klasik kullan\u0131labilir<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\/16<\/td>\n<td>255.255.0.0<\/td>\n<td>65.536<\/td>\n<td>65.534<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/24<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.0<\/td>\n<td>256<\/td>\n<td>254<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/25<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.128<\/td>\n<td>128<\/td>\n<td>126<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/26<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.192<\/td>\n<td>64<\/td>\n<td>62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/27<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.224<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/28<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.240<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/29<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.248<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/30<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.252<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Tablodaki &#8220;klasik kullan\u0131labilir&#8221; ifadesi \u00f6nemlidir. IPv4&#8217;te ilk adres a\u011f adresi, son adres yay\u0131n adresidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin <code>203.0.113.0\/24<\/code> blo\u011funda <code>203.0.113.0<\/code> a\u011f adresi, <code>203.0.113.255<\/code> yay\u0131n adresidir; cihazlara genellikle <code>.1<\/code> ile <code>.254<\/code> aras\u0131ndaki adresler verilir.<\/p>\n<p><code>\/31<\/code> ve <code>\/32<\/code> \u00f6zel durumlard\u0131r. RFC 3021, iki u\u00e7lu noktadan noktaya IPv4 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131nda <code>\/31<\/code> kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini ve iki adresin de aray\u00fczlere atanabilece\u011fini belirtir. <code>\/32<\/code> ise tek bir IPv4 adresini ifade eder; y\u00f6nlendirme girdilerinde, loopback aray\u00fczlerinde ve belirli firewall kurallar\u0131nda s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130htiyaca g\u00f6re b\u00f6l\u00fcn<\/strong> &#8211; Kullan\u0131labilir adres say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplarken standart alt a\u011flarda a\u011f ve yay\u0131n adreslerini toplamdan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n. <code>\/31<\/code> i\u00e7in RFC 3021 istisnas\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"aiw-callout aiw-callout-warn\">\n<p class=\"aiw-callout-label\">Dikkat<\/p>\n<p>Dikkat: \/24 ile 255.255.255.0 ayn\u0131 \u015feyi ifade eder, ancak \/24&#039;\u00fc 24 host adresi sanmak hatal\u0131d\u0131r. CIDR say\u0131s\u0131 a\u011f bitlerini g\u00f6sterir; kalan bitler adres kapasitesini belirler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"cidr-ip-araligi-nasil-hesaplanir\">CIDR IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>Elle hesaplaman\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir yolu, \u00f6neki noktal\u0131 alt a\u011f maskesine \u00e7evirmek ve blok b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bulmakt\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olarak <code>192.168.10.77\/26<\/code> adresini ele alal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Maskeyi bulun:<\/strong> <code>\/26<\/code>, <code>255.255.255.192<\/code> maskesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Blok b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hesaplay\u0131n:<\/strong> Son oktette <code>256 - 192 = 64<\/code> bulunur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 blo\u011funu se\u00e7in:<\/strong> Son oktetteki olas\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar <code>0<\/code>, <code>64<\/code>, <code>128<\/code> ve <code>192<\/code>&#8216;dir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>IP&#8217;yi blo\u011fa yerle\u015ftirin:<\/strong> <code>77<\/code>, <code>64-127<\/code> aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u011f adresi <code>192.168.10.64<\/code>&#8216;t\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yay\u0131n adresini bulun:<\/strong> Bir sonraki blo\u011fun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bir eksik de\u011fer, yani <code>192.168.10.127<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Bu blo\u011fun kullan\u0131labilir host aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 <code>192.168.10.65<\/code> ile <code>192.168.10.126<\/code> aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. <code>192.168.10.77<\/code> bu aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in belirli bir host adresidir; a\u011f adresi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>Daha uzun \u00f6neklerde ayn\u0131 mant\u0131k s\u00fcrer. <code>10.20.5.130\/27<\/code> i\u00e7in maske <code>255.255.255.224<\/code>, blok b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 32&#8217;dir. Son oktetteki bloklar <code>0-31<\/code>, <code>32-63<\/code>, <code>64-95<\/code>, <code>96-127<\/code>, <code>128-159<\/code> \u015feklinde ilerler. Bu nedenle a\u011f adresi <code>10.20.5.128<\/code>, yay\u0131n adresi <code>10.20.5.159<\/code>, kullan\u0131labilir aral\u0131k ise <code>.129-.158<\/code> olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n<\/strong> &#8211; A\u011f adresini, yay\u0131n adresini ve host aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 notta birlikte yazmadan firewall veya DHCP kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<div class=\"aiw-callout aiw-callout-tip\">\n<p class=\"aiw-callout-label\">\u0130pucu<\/p>\n<p>\u0130pucu: Hesab\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in son oktetteki blok b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc 256&#039;dan maske de\u011ferini \u00e7\u0131kararak bulun. \/26 i\u00e7in 256 &#8211; 192 = 64; a\u011f ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 0, 64, 128 ve 192 olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"cidr-ile-subnet-maskesi-arasindaki-fark-nedir\">CIDR ile subnet maskesi aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>CIDR g\u00f6sterimi ile noktal\u0131 alt a\u011f maskesi ayn\u0131 a\u011f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 iki farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ifade eder. <code>172.16.40.0\/20<\/code> ile <code>172.16.40.0<\/code> ve <code>255.255.240.0<\/code> birlikte yaz\u0131m\u0131 ayn\u0131 blo\u011fu anlat\u0131r. \u0130lki k\u0131sa ve y\u00f6nlendirme dostudur; ikincisi bit maskesini g\u00f6rsel olarak daha a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>CIDR<\/th>\n<th>Noktal\u0131 maske<\/th>\n<th>Blok s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/th>\n<th>\u00d6rnek a\u011f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\/20<\/td>\n<td>255.255.240.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc oktette 16<\/td>\n<td>172.16.32.0 &#8211; 172.16.47.255<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/22<\/td>\n<td>255.255.252.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc oktette 4<\/td>\n<td>172.16.40.0 &#8211; 172.16.43.255<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/28<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.240<\/td>\n<td>D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc oktette 16<\/td>\n<td>192.0.2.16 &#8211; 192.0.2.31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Buradaki a\u011f adreslerinin dok\u00fcmantasyon ve \u00f6rnekleme amac\u0131yla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f <code>192.0.2.0\/24<\/code> ile <code>172.16.0.0\/12<\/code> gibi bloklardan se\u00e7ilmesi tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. Ger\u00e7ek bir sunucuya veya m\u00fc\u015fteriye ait IP&#8217;leri e\u011fitim \u00f6rne\u011fi diye yay\u0131mlamak, a\u011f plan\u0131n\u0131 gereksiz yere a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir a\u011f cihaz\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 veya bulut paneli CIDR kabul ediyorsa <code>10.10.0.0\/16<\/code> gibi k\u0131sa bi\u00e7im kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Baz\u0131 eski aray\u00fczler ise <code>255.255.0.0<\/code> bekler. De\u011ferleri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek gerekir; <code>\/16<\/code> ifadesini yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla <code>255.255.255.0<\/code> yazmak, 65.536 adreslik a\u011f\u0131 256 adreslik bir aral\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<div class=\"aiw-callout aiw-callout-example\">\n<p class=\"aiw-callout-label\">\u00d6rnek<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek senaryo: 192.168.10.77\/26 i\u00e7in bloklar son oktette 0, 64, 128 ve 192&#039;den ba\u015flar. IP 64-127 blo\u011funda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u011f .64, yay\u0131n .127 ve kullan\u0131labilir host aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 .65-.126&#039;d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"linuxta-cidr-araligi-nasil-kontrol-edilir\">Linux&#8217;ta CIDR aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l kontrol edilir?<\/h2>\n<p>Linux \u00fczerinde ilk kontrol i\u00e7in <code>ip<\/code> komutu yeterlidir. Sunucunun hangi aray\u00fczde hangi adresi ve \u00f6neki kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre><code>ip -4 addr show\nip -4 route<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0130lk komut IPv4 adreslerini CIDR bi\u00e7imiyle listeler. \u0130kinci komut, \u00e7ekirde\u011fin a\u011f ve varsay\u0131lan rota kararlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bir VPS&#8217;te sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi a\u011f ge\u00e7idi veya ek IP blo\u011fu hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe varsa paneldeki bilgiyle bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Aral\u0131k hesab\u0131 i\u00e7in da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131zda bulunan <code>ipcalc<\/code> kullan\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n<pre><code>ipcalc 192.168.10.77\/26<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da genellikle a\u011f adresi, yay\u0131n adresi, host aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, wildcard maskesi ve toplam host say\u0131s\u0131 bulunur. Paket her da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mda varsay\u0131lan gelmeyebilir; Debian ve Ubuntu sistemlerinde paket ad\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla <code>ipcalc<\/code>&#8216;dir. Ara\u00e7 yoksa yaln\u0131zca eksik oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kural\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmeyin; manuel hesap veya test edilmi\u015f bir hesap makinesi kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Bir aray\u00fcz\u00fcn belirli a\u011fa dahil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 route tablosuyla birlikte incelemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre><code>ip route get 192.168.10.77<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, \u00e7ekirde\u011fin hedef i\u00e7in se\u00e7ti\u011fi aray\u00fcz\u00fc, kaynak IP&#8217;yi ve a\u011f ge\u00e7idini g\u00f6sterir. Komutun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131ndaki <code>dev<\/code> ve <code>src<\/code> alanlar\u0131, \u00e7oklu aray\u00fcz kullanan VPS&#8217;lerde \u00f6zellikle de\u011ferlidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/strong> &#8211; Hesaplanan a\u011f adresini hem <code>ip -4 addr<\/code> hem de <code>ip -4 route<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131yla do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ipv6-adreslerinde-cidr-nasil-calisir\">IPv6 adreslerinde CIDR nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>IPv6 adresleri 128 bitten olu\u015fur ve CIDR mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 kal\u0131r: e\u011fik \u00e7izgiden sonraki say\u0131, a\u011f \u00f6nekinin uzunlu\u011fudur. <code>2001:db8:1234:10::\/64<\/code> ifadesinde ilk 64 bit a\u011f \u00f6neki, kalan 64 bit aray\u00fcz tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. RFC 4291, IPv6 adresleme mimarisini ve unicast adres yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<p>IPv6&#8217;da IPv4&#8217;teki gibi her alt a\u011f i\u00e7in a\u011f ve yay\u0131n adresi \u00e7\u0131karma kural\u0131 yoktur; IPv6&#8217;da broadcast kullan\u0131lmaz. Bu nedenle <code>\/64<\/code> blo\u011funda matematiksel olarak <code>2^64<\/code> adres bulunur. Bu say\u0131, tek bir yerel a\u011fda o kadar cihaz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Adres plan\u0131; y\u00f6nlendirici, otomatik yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131yla birlikte tasarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yayg\u0131n \u00f6nek \u00f6rnekleri:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/48<\/code>: Kurum veya siteye ayr\u0131lan geni\u015f adres alanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/li>\n<li><code>\/56<\/code>: Bir m\u00fc\u015fteriye veya ev ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na birden fazla alt a\u011f b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<li><code>\/64<\/code>: Tek bir IPv6 linki ya da LAN i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n alt a\u011f uzunlu\u011fudur.<\/li>\n<li><code>\/128<\/code>: Tek bir IPv6 adresini, \u00f6rne\u011fin loopback veya host rotas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>IPv6 planlarken yaln\u0131zca adres say\u0131s\u0131na bakmak yerine y\u00f6nlendirme \u00f6zeti, alt a\u011flar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme ihtiyac\u0131 ve sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 delegasyon aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. IPv4&#8217;teki &#8220;ilk ve son adresi host&#8217;a vermeyin&#8221; refleksini IPv6&#8217;ya aynen ta\u015f\u0131mak do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cidr-guvenlik-duvari-ve-yonlendirmede-nasil-kullanilir\">CIDR g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ve y\u00f6nlendirmede nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>CIDR, tek tek IP adresleri yerine bir adres k\u00fcmesini tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin yaln\u0131zca ofis a\u011f\u0131ndan SSH eri\u015fimine izin vermek i\u00e7in <code>198.51.100.0\/24<\/code> yaz\u0131labilir. Fakat bu tek sat\u0131r 256 IPv4 adresini kapsar; a\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131na ger\u00e7ekten g\u00fcvenilip g\u00fcvenilmedi\u011fi kontrol edilmeden geni\u015f bir izin verilmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n<p>nftables \u00f6rne\u011finde bir alt a\u011fdan gelen SSH ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden kural \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir:<\/p>\n<pre><code>nft add rule inet filter input ip saddr 198.51.100.0\/24 tcp dport 22 accept<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu kural yaln\u0131zca IPv4 kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. IPv6 istemciler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca <code>ip6 saddr<\/code> ve IPv6 CIDR \u00f6neki gerekir. Kural\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirme y\u00f6ntemi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ma g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir; ge\u00e7ici bir shell komutunu kal\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma sanmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Web sunucular\u0131nda, reverse proxy katman\u0131nda veya uygulama eri\u015fim listelerinde de ayn\u0131 mant\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak proxy arkas\u0131ndaki uygulama, istemcinin ger\u00e7ek adresi yerine g\u00fcvenilir proxy&#8217;nin adresini g\u00f6rebilir. CIDR ile eri\u015fim s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 koymadan \u00f6nce ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n hangi katmandan geldi\u011fini ve <code>X-Forwarded-For<\/code> gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir bi\u00e7imde i\u015flendi\u011fini do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>IP adresi ile a\u011f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, \u00f6zellikle rate limit ve y\u00f6netim paneli eri\u015fimlerinde s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bir <code>\/32<\/code> tek adresi s\u0131n\u0131rlar; <code>\/24<\/code> ise 256 adresi kapsar. DDoS trafi\u011fi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir m\u00fc\u015fteri a\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda geni\u015f bir \u00f6neki engellemek k\u0131sa vadede i\u015fe yarayabilir, fakat me\u015fru kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 da etkileyebilir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"aiw-callout aiw-callout-field\">\n<p class=\"aiw-callout-label\">Sahadan not<\/p>\n<p>Sahadan not: Bir VPS ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131nda sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tek public adresi \/32 olarak verdi\u011fini klasik Ethernet a\u011f\u0131 gibi yorumlad\u0131m ve gateway&#039;i ayn\u0131 alt a\u011fda arad\u0131m. Route tablosunu ve sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fland\u0131rma notunu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131nca \u00f6zel gateway tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm; aray\u00fcz\u00fc buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131nca ba\u011flant\u0131 geldi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"vlsm-ve-cidr-ile-ag-plani-nasil-yapilir\">VLSM ve CIDR ile a\u011f plan\u0131 nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>VLSM, ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011f i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte alt a\u011flar kullanma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin <code>192.168.50.0\/24<\/code> blo\u011funda 60 cihazl\u0131k bir ofis i\u00e7in <code>\/26<\/code>, 25 cihazl\u0131k bir laboratuvar i\u00e7in <code>\/27<\/code>, noktadan noktaya iki ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7in de <code>\/31<\/code> ayr\u0131labilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck blok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in adres alan\u0131 gereksiz yere t\u00fcketilmez.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek plan:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ama\u00e7<\/th>\n<th>Blok<\/th>\n<th>Kullan\u0131labilir aral\u0131k<\/th>\n<th>Adres say\u0131s\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ofis<\/td>\n<td>192.168.50.0\/26<\/td>\n<td>.1 &#8211; .62<\/td>\n<td>62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Laboratuvar<\/td>\n<td>192.168.50.64\/27<\/td>\n<td>.65 &#8211; .94<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sunucular<\/td>\n<td>192.168.50.96\/28<\/td>\n<td>.97 &#8211; .110<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gelecek kullan\u0131m<\/td>\n<td>192.168.50.112\/28<\/td>\n<td>.113 &#8211; .126<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Her alt a\u011f, bir \u00f6ncekinin bitiminden sonra do\u011fru s\u0131n\u0131rda ba\u015flar. <code>\/27<\/code> bloklar\u0131 32&#8217;lik, <code>\/28<\/code> bloklar\u0131 16&#8217;l\u0131k ad\u0131mlarla ilerler. Rastgele bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 adresi se\u00e7mek yerine blok s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 hesaba katmak, DHCP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, statik sunucu adresleri ve y\u00f6nlendirme kurallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n<p>DHCP plan\u0131 i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/windows-server-dhcp-kurulumu-yapilandirma\/\">Windows Server DHCP Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Rehberi<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda scope, reservation ve d\u0131\u015flama aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca inceleyebilirsiniz. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde bir a\u011fdaki IP&#8217;nin hangi fiziksel cihaza ait oldu\u011funu anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/arp-nedir-address-resolution-protocol-nasil-calisir\/\">ARP Nedir? Address Resolution Protocol Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/a> i\u00e7eri\u011findeki temel ak\u0131\u015f i\u015finize yarar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bo\u015fluk b\u0131rak\u0131n<\/strong> &#8211; Her alt a\u011fda gateway, statik sunucular, y\u00f6netim adresleri ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme pay\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f adresleri dok\u00fcmante edin.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cidr-hesaplamasinda-sik-yapilan-hatalar\">CIDR hesaplamas\u0131nda s\u0131k yap\u0131lan hatalar<\/h2>\n<p>En yayg\u0131n hata, CIDR \u00f6nekini host say\u0131s\u0131 sanmakt\u0131r. <code>\/24<\/code>, 24 host anlam\u0131na gelmez; 32 bitlik IPv4 adresinin 24 bitinin a\u011f i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Host b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 8 bit oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in toplam adres say\u0131s\u0131 256&#8217;d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci hata, IP&#8217;nin son oktetini do\u011frudan a\u011f adresi kabul etmektir. <code>192.168.1.77\/26<\/code> i\u00e7in a\u011f adresi <code>192.168.1.64<\/code>&#8216;t\u00fcr; <code>.77<\/code> yaln\u0131zca o blok i\u00e7indeki host adresidir. <code>\/26<\/code> bloklar\u0131 64&#8217;l\u00fck ad\u0131mlarla ba\u015flar: 0, 64, 128 ve 192.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc hata, cloud sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirme modelini klasik Ethernet a\u011f\u0131yla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Baz\u0131 VPS platformlar\u0131 tek bir public IP&#8217;yi <code>\/32<\/code> olarak atar ve varsay\u0131lan a\u011f ge\u00e7idini farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemle tan\u0131mlar. Panelde g\u00f6r\u00fclen a\u011f ge\u00e7idi, sanal makinenin aray\u00fcz\u00fcndeki maskeyle ayn\u0131 olmak zorunda de\u011fildir; sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fland\u0131rma dok\u00fcmantasyonu izlenmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc hata, IPv4 ve IPv6 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 birlikte ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsaymakt\u0131r. <code>192.0.2.0\/24<\/code> kural\u0131 IPv6 trafi\u011fini kapsamaz. \u00c7ift y\u0131\u011f\u0131n kullanan bir VPS&#8217;te <code>nft list ruleset<\/code>, web sunucusu eri\u015fim kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve servis dinleme adresleri iki protokol i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 kontrol edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Son hata ise test edilmemi\u015f geni\u015f bir engelleme veya izin kural\u0131n\u0131 production&#8217;a uygulamakt\u0131r. \u00d6nce bir deneme IP&#8217;sinden ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n, mevcut SSH oturumunu kapatmay\u0131n ve kural\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce geri alma yolunu haz\u0131rlay\u0131n. A\u011f kural\u0131 hatalar\u0131, uygulama hatalar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak sizi sunucunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na b\u0131rakabilir.<\/p>\n<p>IP adresi kavram\u0131n\u0131n temelini yeniden kontrol etmek isterseniz <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/ip-adresi-nedir-ne-ise-yarar-nasil-ogrenilir\/\">IP Adresi Nedir? Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar ve Nas\u0131l \u00d6\u011frenilir?<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir VPS&#8217;in d\u0131\u015f trafi\u011fi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan kapasite hesab\u0131nda ise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/tr\/vps-bant-genisligi-ihtiyacinizi-hesaplayin\/\">VPS Bant Geni\u015fli\u011fi Nedir? \u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Hesaplay\u0131n<\/a> konusu, adres say\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olan bant geni\u015fli\u011fi hesab\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ornek-bir-cidr-kontrol-akisi\">\u00d6rnek bir CIDR kontrol ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Yeni bir blok tan\u0131mlarken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u0131ray\u0131 kullanmak, hesap hatalar\u0131n\u0131 erken yakalar:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131dan veya a\u011f plan\u0131ndan verilen IP ve CIDR de\u011ferini oldu\u011fu gibi kaydedin.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6neki maske ve toplam adres say\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn.<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f adresini ve yay\u0131n adresini hesaplay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Gateway, DNS, DHCP ve statik adresler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lacak alan\u0131 belirleyin.<\/li>\n<li>Route tablosunda trafi\u011fin do\u011fru aray\u00fczden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/li>\n<li>Firewall kural\u0131n\u0131 dar kapsamla test edin; ard\u0131ndan kal\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya ge\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li>Plan\u0131 IPAM, Git deposu veya eri\u015filebilir bir a\u011f dok\u00fcman\u0131nda g\u00fcncel tutun.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Komut taraf\u0131nda temel bir kontrol \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flayabilir:<\/p>\n<pre><code>ip -4 addr show dev eth0\nip -4 route\nip route get 198.51.100.10<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0130lk iki sat\u0131r yerel adres ve rotalar\u0131, son sat\u0131r belirli hedefe giden se\u00e7imi g\u00f6sterir. Aray\u00fcz ad\u0131n\u0131n <code>eth0<\/code> olmayabilece\u011fini unutmay\u0131n; modern sistemlerde <code>ens3<\/code>, <code>enp1s0<\/code> veya sanal sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6zg\u00fc ba\u015fka adlar g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi g\u00fcvenli uygulay\u0131n<\/strong> &#8211; A\u011f kural\u0131n\u0131 uzaktan de\u011fi\u015ftirirken ikinci bir SSH oturumu a\u00e7\u0131k tutun ve geri alma komutunu \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cidr-kuralini-uygulamadan-once-kontrol-edin\">CIDR Kural\u0131n\u0131 Uygulamadan \u00d6nce Kontrol Edin<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"aiw-checklist\">\n<li>IP adresini CIDR \u00f6nekiyle birlikte kaydedin.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6neki noktal\u0131 alt a\u011f maskesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn.<\/li>\n<li>Toplam ve kullan\u0131labilir adres say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f ve yay\u0131n adreslerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Gateway, DHCP ve statik adres aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>IPv4 ve IPv6 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 test edin.<\/li>\n<li>Firewall de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden \u00f6nce geri alma komutunu haz\u0131rlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"aiw-cta\">\n<p>Sunucunuzdaki a\u011f plan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irirken her CIDR blo\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u011f, yay\u0131n, gateway ve kullan\u0131labilir host aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 dok\u00fcmana yaz\u0131n. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hesap tablosu, uzaktan uygulanan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir firewall hatas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha ucuzdur.<\/p>\n<p class=\"aiw-cta-action\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/tr\/vps\">VPS paketlerini inceleyin<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"sik-sorulan-sorular\">S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<div class=\"aiw-faq\">\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\" open>\n<summary>CIDR nedir?<\/summary>\n<p>CIDR, IP adreslerini A, B ve C gibi sabit s\u0131n\u0131flar yerine \u00f6nek uzunlu\u011fuyla ifade eden a\u011f adresleme y\u00f6ntemidir. 192.168.1.0\/24 \u00f6rne\u011finde \/24, ilk 24 bitin a\u011f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ait oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Kalan 8 bit 256 toplam IPv4 adresi \u00fcretir; klasik alt a\u011f kullan\u0131m\u0131nda a\u011f ve yay\u0131n adresleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 254 host adresi kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\">\n<summary>\/24 ka\u00e7 IP adresi i\u00e7erir?<\/summary>\n<p>\/24 bir IPv4 blo\u011fu toplam 256 adres i\u00e7erir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 192.0.2.0\/24 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 192.0.2.0 ile 192.0.2.255 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Klasik kullan\u0131mda ilk adres a\u011f, son adres yay\u0131n adresidir; bu nedenle cihazlara genellikle 192.0.2.1 ile 192.0.2.254 aras\u0131ndaki 254 adres atanabilir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\">\n<summary>\/26 subnet ka\u00e7 IP adresidir?<\/summary>\n<p>\/26, IPv4&#039;te toplam 64 adres i\u00e7erir. Maske 255.255.255.192&#039;dir ve bloklar son oktette 64&#039;l\u00fck ad\u0131mlarla ba\u015flar. Klasik kullan\u0131mda a\u011f ve yay\u0131n adresleri ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 62 kullan\u0131labilir host adresi vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 192.168.10.64\/26 blo\u011fu .64-.127 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hostlar ise .65-.126 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapsar.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\">\n<summary>CIDR IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r?<\/summary>\n<p>\u00d6nce CIDR \u00f6nekini alt a\u011f maskesine \u00e7evirin, ard\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015fen oktette blok b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc 256 eksi maske de\u011feriyle bulun. IP adresini bu bloklara yerle\u015ftirin. \u00d6rne\u011fin \/26 i\u00e7in blok b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 64&#039;t\u00fcr; 77 adresi 64-127 blo\u011funda oldu\u011fundan a\u011f .64, yay\u0131n .127 olur.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\">\n<summary>CIDR ile subnet maskesi ayn\u0131 m\u0131?<\/summary>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 a\u011f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 iki farkl\u0131 g\u00f6sterimle anlat\u0131rlar. 10.0.0.0\/16 ifadesi, 255.255.0.0 subnet maskesine e\u015fittir. CIDR daha k\u0131sa oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u00f6nlendirme ve firewall kurallar\u0131nda s\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131r; noktal\u0131 maske ise bitlerin hangi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u011f \u00f6neki oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rsel olarak belirtir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"aiw-faq-item\">\n<summary>IPv6&#039;da CIDR kullan\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?<\/summary>\n<p>Evet. IPv6 adresleri de \/64 veya \/128 gibi CIDR \u00f6nekleriyle yaz\u0131l\u0131r. IPv6 128 bit oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in toplam adres hesab\u0131 2^(128-\u00f6nek) \u015feklindedir. IPv4&#039;ten farkl\u0131 olarak broadcast adresi kullan\u0131lmaz. \/64, tek bir IPv6 linki veya LAN i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n bir \u00f6nektir; ger\u00e7ek plan, sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n delegasyonuna ve y\u00f6nlendirme tasar\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"aiw-sources\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc4632\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RFC 4632 &#8211; Classless Inter-Domain Routing<\/a> \u2014 rfc-editor.org<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc791\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RFC 791 &#8211; Internet Protocol<\/a> \u2014 rfc-editor.org<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc4291\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RFC 4291 &#8211; IPv6 Addressing Architecture<\/a> \u2014 rfc-editor.org<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc3021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RFC 3021 &#8211; Using 31-Bit Prefixes on IPv4 Point-to-Point Links<\/a> \u2014 rfc-editor.org<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CIDR g\u00f6steriminin ne anlama geldi\u011fini, IPv4 ve IPv6 aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; subnet maskesi, VLSM ve Linux komutlar\u0131yla birlikte \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"lang":"tr","translations":{"tr":828,"en":829},"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=828"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":830,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions\/830"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vps.tc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}